Daijiworld Media Network - Mumbai

Mumbai, Mar 19: Gluten intolerance, often misunderstood and frequently self-diagnosed, is emerging as a common concern among people experiencing persistent digestive discomfort after meals.

Gluten is a protein found in foods made from wheat, barley, and rye—staples like roti, bread, pasta, and biscuits. For some individuals, consuming these can trigger symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, gas, and a feeling of heaviness. However, experts warn that the effects are not always limited to the digestive system.

According to Dr. Saiprasad Lad, many patients report symptoms like fatigue, headaches, and even skin issues, making it harder to identify gluten as the trigger.

Medically, gluten intolerance is referred to as Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity. Unlike Celiac disease, which causes damage to the small intestine, NCGS does not lead to visible intestinal injury but can still cause significant discomfort.

Symptoms of NCGS may include:

• Bloating and abdominal cramps

• Diarrhoea or constipation

• Excessive gas and nausea

• Fatigue and lethargy

These symptoms can appear within hours of consuming gluten or even be delayed by up to a day.

Gluten intolerance may also lead to extraintestinal symptoms such as joint pain, anxiety, depression, and skin rashes. Experts note that while the exact mechanisms remain unclear, the impact on quality of life can be considerable.

At the same time, adopting a gluten-free diet without medical guidance may carry risks, including reduced fibre intake, higher fat consumption, and potential metabolic issues.

Doctors caution that gluten may not always be the culprit. Certain carbohydrates known as FODMAPs, commonly found in wheat products, can produce similar symptoms. Temporary gut imbalances or inflammation may also mimic gluten sensitivity.

Distinguishing between NCGS and celiac disease is crucial. In celiac disease, gluten triggers an autoimmune response that damages the intestinal lining, leading to nutrient deficiencies such as anemia and calcium loss, and in rare cases, even increasing cancer risk.

Because of this, experts strongly advise against self-diagnosis.

Dr. Lad emphasises that individuals experiencing ongoing digestive issues should undergo proper evaluation, including blood tests and, if needed, intestinal biopsy, before making dietary changes.

Starting a gluten-free diet prematurely can interfere with accurate diagnosis.

Treatment depends on the diagnosis:

• Celiac disease requires lifelong elimination of gluten

• NCGS may only require reduced gluten intake

Working with a dietitian is recommended to ensure balanced nutrition.

Experts underline that persistent symptoms should never be ignored or self-treated. A structured medical evaluation can help identify the root cause and lead to effective, sustainable dietary changes—ultimately improving overall well-being.