Daijiworld Media Network - New Delhi

New Delhi, Sep 23: Ovarian cancer develops when abnormal cells form in the ovaries, multiply rapidly, and attack healthy tissue. Early stages often show no noticeable symptoms, but as the disease progresses, signs may include unexplained weight loss, pelvic discomfort, abdominal swelling, fatigue, back pain, changes in bowel habits, and frequent urination.

Why cases are rising in India

Ovarian cancer is the third most common cancer among Indian women, with roughly 47,000 new cases and nearly 33,000 deaths in 2022, according to GLOBOCAN. Several factors contribute to its rising incidence among young women:

1. Reproductive changes: Delayed first childbirth, reduced number of pregnancies, and increased infertility treatments can raise risk. Full-term pregnancies and earlier childbirth help prevent ovarian cancer by reducing ovulation cycles.
2. Metabolic diseases: Rising obesity and sedentary lifestyles, along with increased processed food consumption, contribute to higher cancer risk.
3. PCOS: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, linked to unhealthy lifestyles and weight gain, is increasingly common and can elevate risk.
4. Hormonal factors: Long-term or unopposed post-menopausal hormone therapy can increase susceptibility. Better awareness and diagnosis also explain part of the rising numbers.
5. Hereditary link: Studies indicate a significant prevalence of BRCA1/2 gene variants among Indian women, highlighting the need for family screening and targeted prevention.

How Indian women can reduce risk

While ovarian cancer cannot be fully prevented, lifestyle changes can lower risk:

• Maintain a healthy weight: Balanced diet and 30 minutes of exercise 5-6 days a week help manage obesity and PCOS.
• Avoid long-term HRT: Discuss benefits and risks of Hormone Replacement Therapy with a doctor.
• Reproductive choices: Full-term pregnancies and oral contraceptives can reduce risk. Consult a healthcare professional to understand options.
• Regular check-ups: Early detection through routine check-ups helps identify abnormalities at a treatable stage.
• Quit smoking: Smoking increases cancer risk; seek professional support to quit successfully.

Adopting healthy lifestyle habits, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and staying aware of personal and family risk factors can significantly reduce the likelihood of ovarian cancer.