Daijiworld Media Network - New Delhi
New Delhi, Feb 6: Researchers have reported fresh molecular evidence reinforcing the protective role of sunscreen, showing that regular application can prevent many of the biological changes in skin caused by repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
According to the study, photoprotection goes beyond preventing sunburn and lowering skin cancer risk, as it also helps preserve key molecular pathways linked to healthy skin function.
The researchers analysed skin samples from 32 female volunteers representing four Fitzpatrick phototypes. Each participant was subjected to repeated moderate UV exposure, with samples collected from untreated skin, UV-exposed skin without protection, and UV-exposed skin pretreated with sunscreen. The team carried out detailed molecular profiling, examining changes in gene expression and DNA methylation.
The findings revealed that unprotected UV exposure caused widespread molecular disruption. Pathways related to DNA repair, immune response and cell-cycle regulation were significantly altered, indicating stress on the skin’s core biological systems. When assessed using the “Hallmarks of Health” framework, these changes showed disturbances affecting skin structure and resilience.
In contrast, sunscreen application significantly reduced these effects. Most UV-induced gene expression shifts and epigenetic changes were prevented, and health-related molecular pathways remained largely stable. The study also found that sunscreen helped block the acceleration of epigenetic ageing, a marker associated with long-term tissue health, although minor residual changes were observed.
The authors said the findings offer deeper insight into how sunscreen works at a molecular level. While its role in preventing sunburn and skin cancer is well known, the study highlights its importance in maintaining the biological balance of skin exposed to daily environmental stress.
Experts believe the research could influence future clinical guidance and sunscreen formulation by identifying pathways that support long-term skin health. The study reinforces the importance of consistent sunscreen use as part of daily skincare and public health practices, suggesting routine photoprotection is vital for preserving both skin appearance and molecular stability.