Daijiworld Media Network - Mumbai

Mumbai, Aug 11: Lung cancer is often associated with smoking, but non-smokers can also develop the disease due to a range of environmental, genetic and occupational risk factors, according to a thoracic surgeon.

In an interview, Dr Prriya Eshpuniyani, Consultant Thoracic Surgeon and Surgical Oncologist at Zynova Shalby Hospital, Ghatkopar, highlighted several lesser-known risk factors and warning signs that should not be ignored.

Why non-smokers can develop lung cancer

According to Dr Eshpuniyani, non-smokers may still be exposed to several factors that can increase their vulnerability to lung cancer.

Second-hand smoke: Regular exposure to passive smoke can significantly increase the risk of lung cancer.

Air pollution: Exposure to particulate matter and toxic pollutants in outdoor air can cause respiratory damage and contribute to lung cancer risk.

Indoor toxins: Poor ventilation, radon gas, cooking fumes and the use of biomass fuels indoors can affect lung health.

Occupational hazards: Regular exposure to industrial chemicals, asbestos, arsenic or diesel exhaust at the workplace can increase the risk.

Pre-existing lung conditions: Chronic conditions such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis can increase vulnerability.

Genetics: People with a family history of lung cancer may also have a higher susceptibility to the disease.

Warning signs that should not be ignored

Dr Eshpuniyani said non-smokers may sometimes dismiss respiratory symptoms because they do not consider themselves at risk. Such symptoms can also be mistaken for seasonal allergies, a common cold or a minor infection.

Warning signs include:

Persistent cough that does not go away
Unexplained chest pain or tightness
Wheezing or hoarseness
Shortness of breath during daily activities
Frequent or recurring chest infections, including bronchitis or pneumonia
Unexplained weight loss and poor appetite
Chronic fatigue or persistent tiredness

“If you experience an ongoing cough or respiratory symptoms lasting more than a few weeks, consult a doctor immediately,” Dr Eshpuniyani advised, adding that early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes and quality of life.

Steps to protect lung health

Dr Eshpuniyani recommended several measures to reduce exposure to potential risk factors and support lung health.

Monitor air quality: People should keep track of local Air Quality Index (AQI) levels. On days with high pollution, outdoor workouts can be limited and indoor exercise considered.

Use protective masks: Wearing an N95 or other high-filtration mask can help reduce exposure when commuting or spending time outdoors during periods of poor air quality.

Improve indoor air quality: During periods of heavy pollution, keeping doors and windows closed and using an indoor air purifier can help improve indoor air quality.

Follow workplace safety measures: People exposed to dust, fumes or hazardous substances at work should follow safety guidelines and use appropriate protective equipment, including respirators where required.

Avoid tobacco: Staying away from tobacco in all forms, including e-cigarettes and chewing tobacco, is recommended.

Eat a balanced diet: A nutrient-rich diet containing fruits, vegetables and antioxidant-rich foods can support overall health.

Stay physically active: Regular exercise can help improve lung capacity and support overall well-being.

Dr Eshpuniyani said lung cancer should not be viewed only through the lens of smoking, as environmental exposure, genetics and lifestyle factors can also influence lung health.