Daijiworld Media Network – New Delhi

New Delhi, Jul 13: Women's health extends far beyond menstruation, pregnancy and menopause, with hormonal changes influencing the body throughout life, health experts have said, stressing the importance of understanding the long-term impact of hormones on both physical and mental wellbeing.

According to health educator Prashant Desai, hormonal fluctuations begin at birth and continue through puberty, the reproductive years, perimenopause and menopause. Among these hormones, oestrogen plays a central role, affecting nearly every organ system.

Desai said women experience hormonal changes not only during different stages of life but also every month as part of the menstrual cycle, unlike men whose hormone levels generally remain more stable throughout adulthood.

He explained that oestrogen levels naturally fluctuate during puberty, pregnancy, perimenopause and menopause, with these changes influencing mood, energy levels, metabolism and overall health.

According to Desai, hormonal changes have a significant impact on the brain, affecting mood, memory, emotional wellbeing, sleep quality and mental resilience. He noted that these mental health changes are closely linked to physical health, influencing a woman's overall quality of life.

He added that many women spend the last two to three decades of their lives coping with hormone-related health challenges that can reduce their healthspan — the number of years spent in good health.

Desai said declining oestrogen levels, particularly during perimenopause and menopause, can affect multiple organs and body systems.

Reduced oestrogen may contribute to hair thinning, dry skin and dryness of the mouth due to declining collagen production. Hormonal changes can also affect cardiovascular health, with some women experiencing palpitations and an increased risk of heart disease after menopause.

Oestrogen also plays a key role in regulating metabolism. Falling hormone levels may lead to weight gain, changes in body fat distribution and a slower metabolism.

Hormonal fluctuations can also influence digestive health, affecting nutrient absorption and metabolism. Lower oestrogen levels are additionally associated with overactive bladder symptoms, which can significantly affect comfort and quality of life.

Desai said awareness of women's hormonal health has improved in recent years but remains inadequate. He observed that healthcare systems have historically focused more on men's health, while women's unique hormonal needs have often received less attention.

He emphasised that greater awareness, early education and timely medical support can help women better manage hormonal transitions throughout life.

Experts said recognising hormonal changes early allows women to seek appropriate medical advice, adopt healthier lifestyles and manage symptoms before they interfere with daily life. They recommend a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, stress management and routine health check-ups to support hormonal wellbeing throughout life.

They added that understanding the lifelong influence of hormones, particularly oestrogen, can help improve women's quality of life and promote healthier ageing.