Daijiworld Media Network - Atlanta

Atlanta, Jun 4: Exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) during pregnancy can significantly disrupt maternal metabolism and increase the risk of premature and early-term births, a new study by Emory University has revealed.

Researchers found that these microscopic particles alter key biological pathways in expectant mothers, affecting protein digestion and absorption — processes vital for fetal development and immune function. The findings were based on blood samples from 330 pregnant women, 20% of whom delivered preterm and 16.4% early-term babies — rates notably higher than the US average.

Lead author Dr Donghai Liang said, “The link between air pollution and premature birth has been well established, but for the first time, we identified specific fine particles and biological pathways behind it.” Two substances — cortexolone and lysoPE — were found to play a role in how short-term pollution exposure can trigger early labor.

Preterm births are associated with complications such as cerebral palsy, respiratory distress syndrome, and long-term health risks. The study estimates that nearly 10% of such births worldwide may be linked to PM2.5 exposure.

Liang emphasised the importance of this discovery: “Understanding these mechanisms could pave the way for targeted interventions to mitigate pollution-related pregnancy risks in the future.”