Daijiworld Media Network - Lucknow

Lucknow, Apr 11: Clinical researchers at King George’s Medical University and Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences have found that nearly half of pregnant women in their study were exposed to Hepatitis E, a waterborne infection that poses serious risks to both mothers and babies.

The year-long study involved testing blood samples from 602 asymptomatic pregnant women aged between 18 and 42. Researchers found that 47.7 per cent of participants tested positive for Hepatitis E antibodies, indicating past exposure. The findings have raised concerns among public health experts, prompting calls for vaccination strategies and improved infrastructure to safeguard vulnerable groups.

First identified in 1990 during outbreaks of waterborne jaundice not linked to other hepatitis viruses, Hepatitis E primarily spreads through contaminated drinking water. While it usually causes mild illness in the general population, it becomes highly dangerous during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, with maternal mortality rates rising to 15–25 per cent due to weakened immunity and hormonal changes.

To trace past infections, researchers analysed blood samples for Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, which remain in the body long after recovery. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, scientists confirmed prior exposure by detecting colour changes indicating the presence of these antibodies. The study also incorporated socio-economic and demographic data through structured questionnaires.

The findings revealed that exposure increased with age and was higher in rural areas (51.3 per cent) compared to urban populations (45.3 per cent). Factors such as poor nutrition, lower body mass index, and lower-middle-class socio-economic status were strongly linked to higher infection rates. Researchers noted that inadequate sanitation, reliance on unsafe water sources like hand pumps, and reduced immunity significantly contribute to the spread of the virus.

The study provides updated insights into the prevalence of Hepatitis E among pregnant women in northern India and highlights the role of socio-economic vulnerabilities. With the only licensed Hepatitis E vaccine currently approved in China, the findings underscore the urgent need for policy interventions to prioritise maternal health and ensure access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.