Daijiworld Media Network – New Delhi
New Delhi, Jun 2: Vitamin B12, an essential nutrient vital for energy production, DNA synthesis, and nervous system function, continues to be a growing health concern, especially among the elderly. Studies reveal that nearly 20 per cent of individuals over the age of 60 in the United States and the United Kingdom are deficient in this vital vitamin, often without clear early symptoms.
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin naturally found in animal-based foods such as fish, poultry, eggs, and milk. It is largely absent in plant-based diets unless fortified. Since the human body cannot produce this vitamin on its own, regular dietary intake or supplements are necessary to maintain optimal health.
This powerhouse nutrient supports the production of red blood cells, prevents megaloblastic anemia, facilitates DNA replication, and ensures proper functioning of the nervous system. It also plays a key role in converting carbohydrates into glucose for energy, supporting brain health, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases by regulating homocysteine levels, and aiding in the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine which influence mood. Additionally, it contributes to bone strength, boosts skin and hair health, and strengthens the immune system by promoting white blood cell production.
Despite its critical functions, vitamin B12 deficiency often develops slowly and can go unnoticed. The symptoms can be diverse and sometimes severe. Individuals may experience constant fatigue due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood, pale or yellowish skin linked to anemia or jaundice, frequent headaches, and psychological changes such as depression, irritability, or anxiety. Some may notice a red or smooth tongue, mouth ulcers, unintended weight loss, nausea, or gastrointestinal discomfort.
More severe neurological symptoms can also emerge. These include tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, muscle weakness, confusion, memory loss, balance problems, incontinence, and in extreme cases, dementia. Such complications occur when the deficiency is prolonged or left untreated.
Causes of B12 deficiency can vary from dietary limitations, especially in vegan diets, to malabsorption issues such as those caused by pernicious anemia or gastrointestinal surgeries. Certain medications taken over a long period, including metformin and proton pump inhibitors, can also interfere with B12 absorption.
Health experts advise regular monitoring of vitamin B12 levels, especially for older adults, and timely medical consultation if symptoms arise. Early detection and treatment through dietary adjustments or supplementation can prevent irreversible damage and significantly improve overall health and well-being.