Daijiworld Media Network - New Delhi

New Delhi, Oct 2: According to the Thyroid Society of India, an estimated 42 million people are currently living with thyroid disorders.

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that plays an important role in regulating several functions of the body. It produces hormones that help control metabolism, energy levels, body temperature, heart rate and other processes.

When the thyroid does not produce enough hormones, it can lead to hypothyroidism, which may result in weight gain and several other changes in the body.

Thyroid disorders can affect the body in multiple ways, and recognising the symptoms can help with timely diagnosis and treatment.

An underactive thyroid can slow metabolism and affect weight, energy, mood, digestion, skin, hair and menstrual health. An overactive thyroid can have the opposite effect, speeding up metabolism and causing weight loss, increased appetite, irritability, sleep problems and changes in menstrual health.

Here are 10 ways thyroid disorders can affect the body:

**1. Weight gain**

An underactive thyroid can slow metabolism, meaning the body burns fewer calories. Fluid retention may also contribute to weight gain.

People with hypothyroidism may therefore gain weight. If you are experiencing significant or unexplained weight gain, consult a doctor rather than relying only on diet and exercise to lose weight.

**2. Constant tiredness**

Some people may feel exhausted even after getting adequate sleep. This can be a symptom of an underactive thyroid.

Low thyroid hormone levels can slow bodily functions, leaving a person feeling sluggish and lacking energy.

Persistent tiredness should also be evaluated for other possible causes, including anaemia, poor sleep and nutritional deficiencies. If the fatigue is linked to thyroid health, a doctor can recommend appropriate treatment.

**3. Feeling unusually cold**

People with hypothyroidism may feel colder than others because a slower metabolism produces less heat.

Thyroid medication should be taken only as advised by a doctor, and self-medication should be avoided.

**4. Hair thinning and dry skin**

Low thyroid hormone levels can affect the normal growth and renewal of skin and hair, potentially causing dry, rough skin and increased hair loss.

Thyroid problems should be managed with medical guidance. Adequate protein and other essential nutrients are also important for overall health.

**5. Constipation**

Constipation can sometimes be linked to thyroid problems. A slower metabolism can slow the movement of food through the digestive system.

People diagnosed with thyroid disorders should maintain adequate hydration, consume fibre-rich foods and stay physically active. Persistent constipation should be discussed with a doctor.

**6. Changes in mood**

Irritability and difficulty concentrating are among the symptoms that may occur with thyroid imbalance.

These symptoms are often attributed to stress or overwork. Persistent changes in mood or concentration should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

**7. Muscle aches and weakness**

Some people with an underactive thyroid may experience muscle aches, stiffness, cramps or weakness.

Low thyroid hormone levels can affect how muscles store and use energy, making everyday activities feel more tiring.

Staying active and exercising regularly can help maintain muscle function. Brisk walking and simple exercises can be a starting point, depending on an individual's health condition.

**8. Puffiness and swelling**

Low thyroid hormone levels may cause fluid to accumulate in the tissues. This can result in puffiness and swelling, particularly around the face and eyes and in other parts of the body.

Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage these symptoms.

**9. Changes in periods and fertility**

An underactive thyroid can disrupt reproductive hormones, affect fertility and make it more difficult for some women to become pregnant.

Women may experience irregular, heavy or more frequent periods. If left untreated, thyroid problems may contribute to ovulation-related difficulties and pregnancy complications.

**10. Slow heartbeat and raised cholesterol**

Thyroid imbalance can also affect heart health. Some people with hypothyroidism may develop a slower heart rate, while untreated hypothyroidism can contribute to increased cholesterol levels.

Regular medical monitoring is important to keep thyroid hormone and cholesterol levels under control. Depending on individual health needs, doctors may recommend repeat tests and appropriate treatment for high cholesterol.

Thyroid imbalance can often be managed with timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment and regular follow-ups.

**Disclaimer:** This content is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. It should not be relied upon as the sole source of advice regarding your health or a medical condition.

Always seek guidance from a doctor or qualified healthcare professional for questions concerning your health. Do not disregard medical advice or delay seeking it because of information read here.

If you believe you have a medical emergency, contact your doctor, visit the nearest hospital or call emergency services or an appropriate emergency helpline immediately. Any reliance on the information provided here is solely at your own risk.