Daijiworld Media Network- New Delhi

New Delhi, Aug 21: Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi or nephrolithiasis, are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can be as small as a grain of sand or larger than 10 mm, and in severe cases, can block the urinary tract and impair kidney function. Many patients describe the pain caused by kidney stones as one of the worst experiences of their lives.

Why kidney stones form

Doctors say several factors contribute to the rising incidence of kidney stones — including dehydration, high intake of oxalate-rich or salty foods, obesity, and underlying conditions such as diabetes, gout and hyperparathyroidism. Genetics too can play a role.

Warning signs

Severe back or side pain, blood in urine, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine are common symptoms. If untreated, kidney stones may lead to chronic kidney disease or repeated urinary tract infections.

How to prevent recurrence

Since kidney stones have a high recurrence rate, doctors strongly recommend lifestyle modifications. Here are key do’s and don’ts to reduce the risk:

Do’s

• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water; coconut water, rich in potassium, also helps.

• Eat right: Choose fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

• Cut down on salt: Lower sodium reduces calcium in urine.

• Maintain healthy weight: Obesity is a major risk factor.

• Get calcium from food: Avoid unnecessary calcium supplements.

Don’ts

• Avoid excess oxalate foods: Spinach, beets and chocolate should be consumed in moderation.

• Don’t overeat animal protein: Too much meat and fish increase urine acidity.

• Limit sugary drinks: Sodas and sweetened beverages raise stone risk.

• Avoid excess Vitamin C supplements: High doses may trigger stones, especially in men.

• Don’t ignore symptoms: Seek timely medical advice if you experience pain or urinary issues.

Doctors emphasise that with consistent lifestyle changes, the chances of recurrence can be significantly reduced, ensuring better kidney health in the long term.